Went through them all and see that eeeefarm suggested what I would… try matchsticking at night to make him potty before bedtime. In truth, he may simply like getting out for that walk and be habit, so if you have to crate, or simply refuse for a week and clean up pee/poo (or put down potty pads or get a litter pan) breaking the walk is good. I would also change the regular walking routine. Take out to ONE SPOT, do not take a walk. Stay til potty, say good dog, treat maybe, and then and ONLY THEN take a walk (or better, go inside, wait 10 mins and say WALK !) and go for a nonpooprelated walk. You need to retrain him to POOP fast, then walk so he doesn't delay poop to get to walk. It is common with dogs who must be walked but he's taking advantage.
On the rain issue, I stood in a storm for well over an hour with Cara CRYING holding up one foot then the other, would not poop. She would stop eating if it rained so she wouldn't have to poop. We ended up with an anal sac rupture. That was it-- put her on cyproheptadine to get her to eat every day (actually 2x a day) and I add fiber (she hates pumpkin, won't eat it.. green beans didn't seem to do it) every other day to make her HAVE to go. Yes, sometimes she poops on the porch, sidewalk and occasionally on the floor but after dealing with the rupture and soaking for a month, I don't care. Thank goodness I don't have carpeting.
And yep, give nearly entire food in morning, snack size at night so stomach not EMPTY and hopefully that will help stop the need to poop at night.