Shelley, You are right, the motivation "has" to be there, or it probably won't work. This is the first time I have taken OC with any of my dogs so I am sceptical, but highly motivated…my B will get this done.. My westie, Bogus never even learned how to crate properly...he kept on pooping in the crate and then sleep in it...nothing bothered him, noot even stinking like a dog pile. The crate I used for him was actually so small, after a lot of trials and errors and he still pooped..that is when we gave up. He did great with puppy pads..for peeing, not for pooping, that he did right next to the pad, like it wasn't supposed to get dirty or something..silly dog. He is not with us anymore, he just passed in late march.