Sarah, I have an old x-pen if you want to try it. It may be a hike but the kids could play. Of course, Dash did some damage to it. Let me make sure it is usable.
The expen would be my first suggestion since it seems he thinks he is supposed to poop in the crate.
I would also restrict his food and water. All three of the B's in my house were bought from a pet store and they are all crate trained fine. My beagle was a research dog and I didn't start housebreaking her until she was 1 1/2. Actually she still isn't great but much much better.
This is my schedule, I know it seems a little extreme but I do not like cleaning up poop or pee.
3:00 Ern feeds/waters the dogs
3:30 pick up food unless already done
7:00 pick up water
they go out as needed the rest of the evening but no more food or water the rest of the night. 9:00 bedtime. 6:00 get up, put dogs out. When we leave at 7:20 they get a dog biscuit to go in the crate and to distract them from us leaving.
Since we have a 10 mo. old right now we come home and let her out around 11:30. This seems to work well for us. Good luck. I can imagine how stressful it is.